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Web Components: Everything You Need to Know

admin by admin
February 20, 2023
in Tricks & Tutorial


Currently, and for quite a while now, most developments are done under the umbrella of a framework. If we focus on the front end and Javascript, we can find dozens of frameworks. It is challenging to reuse graphical interface elements like buttons or other components when you want to because each of them has distinctive qualities.

What are Web Components

Web Components are a set of elements from different standardized technologies, such as HTML, CSS, and Javascript, that form a structure that allows them to be used in other websites or applications. These technologies allow the creation of customized elements both in functionality and appearance. One of their strong points is that they are framework-agnostic, so they can be used in any Javascript framework. This makes it possible to have a library of shared components while also having various platforms and technologies. It can be very useful to unify and maintain a brand image in a simpler way.

The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), also known as the organization that founded the internet as we know it today, developed this method in 2012 to standardize all of the web´s foundational technologies.

Why use Web Components?

Most web development is done under a Javascript framework such as Angular, Vue, or well-known libraries such as React JS. All these frameworks and libraries are very useful for developers, as they provide them with a series of tools that make development faster and more reliable.

However, it’s not all good news because developers frequently need to use the same components in different projects using different frameworks or libraries. They are consequently compelled to rewrite those parts with duplicate code. This poses a difficulty in terms of maintainability because the developer must make these changes as many times as the component has been replicated in order to address potential issues and integrate new functionalities or adjustments.

This can be resolved by using web components, which enable the development of individualized components using HTML, CSS, and Javascript that are not dependent on frameworks or libraries. In other words, this means the developer only needs to build them once to use them across all projects.

There is also another case in which the use of web components can be interesting. Let’s say that a company has a strong corporate image but uses different platforms or web tools. It can be difficult to unify the style of buttons or other elements with the same design. With the web components approach, designers can create a collection of pieces that match the corporate image, and developers just need to implement it once, thanks to the shared catalog of parts.

Web Components Specifications

Web Components are based on four main specifications, as explained below:

Custom elements

Custom elements are a set of APIs that allow the developer to create new HTML tags. You can define the behavior and how it should be created at a visual level. There are two types of Custom elements:

  • Autonomous custom elements: used to create completely new HTML elements.
  • Customized built-in element: used to extend existing HTML elements or other web components.

Shadow DOM

The shadow DOM API allows you to isolate fragments of the original DOM, so you can hide those internal elements that compose a larger element shown in the DOM. The internal behavior is similar to that of an iframe, which allows isolating its content from the rest of the document, but it has a difference: with the shadow DOM, total control over the internal content is maintained. This process of isolating elements from their environment is called encapsulation and prevents CSS and JavaScript code from leaking into other custom elements.

ES modules

Before ES modules existed, Javascript did not have a module system like other languages. In order to inject Javascript code into applications, tags such as

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